Introduction: Tracheostomy is the opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula. It is intended to provide a short circuit of the upper airway. The aim of this study is to review the indications for tracheostomy. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 43 tracheotomized patients treated in the otorhinolaryngology department of Gabriel University Hospital. Toure de Bamako for a period of 6 years from January 2017 to August 2024. Results: The work involved 27 men (62.8%) and 16 women (37.2%), with a sex ratio of 1.69. The mean age of the patients was 38.295 years with extremes of 2.67 and 77 years. Laryngeal dyspnoea (n= 28) and dysphonia (n=26) were the main symptoms of consultation. Most tracheostomies were performed as an emergency procedure in 79.1% of cases (n=34), with scheduled tracheostomies performed in 20.9% of cases (n=9). The conditions requiring tracheostomy were dominated by malignant tumours of the larynx and pharynx (26.4%), followed by post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis (7.9%), trauma to the larynx (10.5%) and penetrating neck wounds (4.7%). Laryngeal papillomatosis was the main indication in children (4 children). The technique used was classical surgical tracheotomy, often performed under general anaesthesia (53.5%) and under local anaesthesia in emergency cases (46.5%). The skin incision was transverse in most cases (n=38) (88.4%) and vertical in 11.6% (n=5). Complications related to tracheostomy were diverse, generally benign, and occurred in 1% of cases. Mortality occurred in 3 of our patients whose cannulas were still in place, a rate of 8.1% (n=3). Conclusion: Whatever the indication, tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose usefulness and effectiveness are certain. Mastery of the technique, rigorous monitoring and postoperative care are the main conditions for minimising the risk of complications.
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Tracheostomy is the opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula
[1]
Bouraïma, F. A., Ametonou, C. B., Agbokponto, A., Hounlelou, V. and Flatin, M.-C. (2026) Tracheotomy in an African Hospital Setting: A 10 Year Retrospective Study in Parakou, Benin. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 15, 42-54.
Laccourreye, L. and Dubin, J. (2001) Tracheotomy. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale (Scientific and Medical Editions SAS, Paris, all rights reserved), Surgical techniques - head and neck, 46-430., 46-430.
[1, 2]
. It is intended to provide a short circuit of the upper airway
[1]
Bouraïma, F. A., Ametonou, C. B., Agbokponto, A., Hounlelou, V. and Flatin, M.-C. (2026) Tracheotomy in an African Hospital Setting: A 10 Year Retrospective Study in Parakou, Benin. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 15, 42-54.
Laccourreye, L. and Dubin, J. (2001) Tracheotomy. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale (Scientific and Medical Editions SAS, Paris, all rights reserved), Surgical techniques - head and neck, 46-430., 46-430.
[1, 2]
. Once an emergency surgical procedure codified by Chevalier Jackson, it is now a controlled procedure, performed in the majority of cases on a patient with tracheal intubation
[1]
Bouraïma, F. A., Ametonou, C. B., Agbokponto, A., Hounlelou, V. and Flatin, M.-C. (2026) Tracheotomy in an African Hospital Setting: A 10 Year Retrospective Study in Parakou, Benin. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 15, 42-54.
. It maintains the safety of the upper airway, provides oxygenation and allows for long-term mechanical ventilation of patients. The crescendo in the survival rate of infants, preterm infants, and patients with congenital anomalies is due to the diversification of the indications for tracheostomy
[1]
Bouraïma, F. A., Ametonou, C. B., Agbokponto, A., Hounlelou, V. and Flatin, M.-C. (2026) Tracheotomy in an African Hospital Setting: A 10 Year Retrospective Study in Parakou, Benin. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 15, 42-54.
. Inherent to tracheostomy, complications occur in three periods: preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative. Our center is a surgical center that is called upon by various departments for the management of dyspnoea, in intensive care and in the operating theatre for ventilatory problems in an intubated patient or for difficult intubation for head and neck disease. The small number of studies on tracheostomy in our center is an obstacle to rationalising its indications. The occurrence of different complications due to tracheostomy is a source of exploitation opening up fields of research. The increasing number of upper airway affections in our context led us to review the indications and main complications identified in our context through a retrospective study of 70 files of tracheotomized patients at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital over a period of six years from January 2015 to December 2020. The aim was to study the indications for tracheostomy.
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Design
This is a descriptive observational study of case series type with retrospective collection. Our study took place in the Department of Otolaryngology (ENT) and Cervico-Facial Surgery (CCF) of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital over a period of 6 years, from January 2017 to August 2024.
2.2. Study Setting and Population
Tracheostomized patients in the ENT department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital Center
2.3. Population
We included all patients who underwent a tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. These patients had complete medical records.
2.4. Sampling
Patients with tracheostomies in other departments. Patients with incomplete records. Sampling was carried out exhaustively and covered 43 patients.
2.5. Variables
Data collection was carried out on a form using patient records and operative reports.
The main information collected for each patient included:
1) Socio-demographic data
2) The reason for consultation and hospitalisation precisely for laryngeal dyspnoea: its mode of onset and the classification of Chevalier Jackson and Pineau
3) Background
4) Physical signs in the neck
5) General condition
6) Indirect laryngoscopy
7) Nasofibroscopy
8) Data from endoscopy, cervical CT, histology and other examinations.
9) Medical and surgical treatment aspects
2.6. Analysis and Data Entry
Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 22, Word and Excel 2016. The results were expressed as mean plus or minus standard deviation (for quantitative variables) or as a percentage. A simple descriptive analysis was performed on the entire study population. This description covered epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary data.
2.7. Ethical Considerations
Respect for anonymity was taken into consideration during data collection, in accordance with the rules of medical ethics.
Finally, we conducted a literature search and compared our results, wherever possible, with those already published in the literature.
3. Results
Our study focused on 43 tracheotomized patients in the ENT department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. During the study period we recorded 43 cases of tracheostomy, i.e. an annual average of 7.17 tracheostomies. The average age of our study population was 38.295±19.779 with extremes of 2.67 and 77 years. The most represented age group was over 39 years with 48.9%. We counted 27 male patients and 16 female patients with a sex ratio of 1.69. The liberal profession was the most represented with a frequency of 25.6%. Laryngeal dyspnea was the most common symptom with 88.3% of cases, followed by dysphonia with 60.5% and dysphagia with 51.2%. On physical examination, cervical swelling accounted for 37.2% of patients, signs of struggle for about 7%. There were no cases of cardiorespiratory arrest, signs of hypoxia or disturbed consciousness. The indications were dominated by respiratory distress with 28 cases or 65.1%. Tracheotomy was a life-saving procedure for paroxysmal respiratory failure. Pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers were the predominant underlying pathologies (Table I) with 10 cases or 26.4%. This was followed by traumatic neck pathologies with 7 cases (18.4%) and bilateral post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis with 3 cases (7.9%). In our study, tracheostomy was performed as an emergency procedure in 34 patients (79.07%) and as a scheduled procedure in 9 patients (20.93%). Local anaesthesia was used in 46.51% of cases. The skin incision was transverse in 88.37% and vertical in 11.63%. Throughout our study, the cannulas used were low pressure balloon cannulas. It was held in place by bands wrapped around the neck, this cannula was changed in the majority of cases with a PVC cannula. Post-operative follow-up was simple in 38 patients (88.4%). Decanulation was performed in 22 patients (51.2%) with an average of 32.53 ± 40.054 days, with extremes of 7 and 181 days. The delay of decanulation was short in children. The tracheostomy was definitive with a tracheal connection to the skin (tracheostomy) in patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent a total laryngectomy with lymph node dissection.
4. Discussion
The indications for tracheotomy are varied
[3]
Oppert M, Jungehülsing M, Nibbe L. Tracheotomy: Indication and implementation. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2024; 119(8): 694-702. German.
. It remains a life-saving procedure for paroxysmal respiratory failure. Respiratory distress was the main indication with 88.3%. The recrudescence of tumoral pathologies, especially of the aerodigestive lives, remains a reality, this observation was noted by certain authors with a respective predominance of pharyngeal and laryngeal tumours at 40%.
[4]
Itiere, O., Otiobanda, G., & Ondzotto, G. (2014). La trachéotomie au CHU de Brazzaville. Revue Africaine de Chirurgie et Spécialités, 7(2), 11–14.
. In our context, they are characterised by a delay in consultation and a lack of awareness of the signs pointing to these tumours. Although they constitute the majority of causes in our context, the predominance of neurological impairment has been reported by Funamura at 38.9% of cases
. In our case, these are patients suffering from tumors that have predominated, as in the study of Fatiou
[2]
Laccourreye, L. and Dubin, J. (2001) Tracheotomy. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale (Scientific and Medical Editions SAS, Paris, all rights reserved), Surgical techniques - head and neck, 46-430., 46-430.
[2]
. This discrepancy can be explained by a difference in the methodological approach. The frequency of tracheostomy during the course of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers varies according to the socio-economic and epidemiological context. These factors are decisive and are due on one hand to the patient, to the poor understanding of cancers by the population, and to the insufficient number of practitioners. Tumour obstruction of the pharyngolaryngeal structures is part of the natural history of the cancer. When a tracheotomy is necessary, it is always a tumor obstructing the larynx. In 13 cases Ouoba performed emergency tracheotomy on cancer patients
[6]
K Ouoba, M Dao, et al. ENT cancers and CCF in Burkina Faso. Médecine d'Afrique noire 1997.44 (8/9) 452-4.
[6]
. Laryngeal papillomatosis accounted for 10.5% or 4 cases in our population, all of them children. Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most frequent benign tumour of the larynx in children
[7]
O Maliki, H Nouri et al. Laryngeal papillomatosis in children: epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects at (Proposing 21 cases). Journal of pediatrics and child care; 2012; 25: 237-241
. This condition, which remains rare, has an unpredictable evolution, which can be life-threatening due to bronchopulmonary damage or malignant degeneration. Apart from the exceptional cases of neonatal onset, the age of onset of the first symptoms is between 2 and 4 years, no case has been reported in adults in our series. Laryngeal dyspnoea is rarely the first sign of the disease, the first sign always being a muffled or hoarse voice without variation over time
[8]
Fatogoma Issa Kone, Kadidiatou Singare, Kadiatou Traore, Oumou Coulibaly, Naouma Cisse, et al. (2020). Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Mali. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 6(1), 1-5.
. Persistence of dysphonia for more than three weeks in a child should lead to laryngoscopy, which reveals pedunculated or sessile tufts, consisting of greyish, whitish or pinkish elements 0.5 mm in diameter, located mainly on the vocal cords or the floor of the ventricles
[8]
Fatogoma Issa Kone, Kadidiatou Singare, Kadiatou Traore, Oumou Coulibaly, Naouma Cisse, et al. (2020). Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Mali. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 6(1), 1-5.
. The onset of dyspnoea illustrates the progressive obstruction of the laryngeal tract. In our study, we performed nasofibroscopy instead, which showed grape-like budding lesions in 3 patients and one patient did not. A tracheotomy was performed in 9.67% of cases in study
[9]
Ndour N, Maiga S, Houra A, Deguenonvo REA, Ndiaye C, Pilor N, Mbaye A, Sall AC, Diouf MS, Ndiaye IC. Papillomatose laryngée chez l’adulte: évaluation pendant dix ans au service ORL de l’Hôpital universitaire national de Fann (Dakar, Sénégal). Int J Otolaryngol. 3 août 2020; 2782396.
. In the serie of Fatogoma Tracheotomy was urgently performed 31.2%
[8]
Fatogoma Issa Kone, Kadidiatou Singare, Kadiatou Traore, Oumou Coulibaly, Naouma Cisse, et al. (2020). Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Mali. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 6(1), 1-5.
. We collected 7 cases of traumatic neck pathologies represented by closed laryngeal trauma 5 cases or 13.1% and penetrating neck injury 2 cases or 5.3%. Closed laryngeal trauma is a non-penetrating trauma causing compression or crushing of the laryngotracheal axis against the cervical spine; it follows a violent impact against a contending object or a strong deceleration or strangulation
[10]
Trabelsi S, Hachicha, A, Beltaief, N, Charfeddine, A, Tababi, S, Zanine, R, Minif, E, Sahtout, S, & Besbes, G. (2011). Les traumatismes externes du larynx. Journal Tunisien d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 24(1).
Trabelsi S, Hachicha, A, Beltaief, N, Charfeddine, A, Tababi, S, Zanine, R, Minif, E, Sahtout, S, & Besbes, G. (2011). Les traumatismes externes du larynx. Journal Tunisien d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 24(1).
. Thyroid cartilage fractures are the most common, accounting for about 60% of isolated fractures, but generally have little impact on the respiratory tract
[11]
H Ghorbal, C Abidw et al. External trauma of the larynx. J. TUN ORL 2013, 13: 16-9.
. If dyspnoea is severe or does not subside quickly, it is preferable to perform a tracheostomy under local anaesthetic as soon as possible, especially if there is emphysema
[12]
Comer BT, Gal TJ. Recognition and management of the spectrum of acute laryngeal trauma. J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov; 43(5): e289-93.
. Closed trauma to the larynx can cause laryngeal concussion by nociceptive reflex, ranging from laryngospasm to cardiorespiratory syncope, as well as laryngeal contusion or fracture
[13]
Schaefer SD, Brown OE. Selective application of CT in the management of laryngeal trauma. Laryngoscope. 1983 Nov; 93(11 Pt 1): 1473-5.
[13]
.
Penetrating wounds of the neck are a wound with a break in the platysma. Accidents and attempts at autolysis are the first etiological circumstances
[12]
Comer BT, Gal TJ. Recognition and management of the spectrum of acute laryngeal trauma. J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov; 43(5): e289-93.
. In our study, dysphonia as well as dyspnoea were found in 5.25% of cases. The management is medical and surgical with an exploratory and reparative cervicotomy with a tracheotomy if necessary, to which is associated an adequate adjuvant treatment (antibiotic therapy, corticosteroid therapy, analgesic)
[12]
Comer BT, Gal TJ. Recognition and management of the spectrum of acute laryngeal trauma. J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov; 43(5): e289-93.
Bilateral post thyroidectomy recurrent palsy (PRP) accounted for 3 cases or 7.9% of our indications, all women. Inherent laryngeal immobility is the most classic and feared complication of thyroid surgery
[14]
Kone F I, and Mohamed A K. Post-Thyroidectomy Laryngeal Diplegia in Mali: What Therapeutic Challenge? Exp Rhinol Otolaryngol. 1(2). ERO. 000508. 2017.
. It may be unilateral, giving sometimes embarrassing dysphonia, possibly associated with false routes; or bilateral, giving an impressive picture of laryngeal dyspnoea during extubation
[14]
Kone F I, and Mohamed A K. Post-Thyroidectomy Laryngeal Diplegia in Mali: What Therapeutic Challenge? Exp Rhinol Otolaryngol. 1(2). ERO. 000508. 2017.
. Tracheostomy is usually an emergency procedure in ENT. In our study, the tracheostomy performed was 100% surgical. It was performed under general anaesthesia in 53.5% of cases and under local anaesthesia in 46.5%, without any prior preoperative assessment in urgent cases.
Tracheostomy was performed as an emergency in 39 cases (90.7%) and scheduled in 4 cases (9.3%). This shows the urgent nature of tracheotomy. In fact, since its origins, tracheostomy has been a life-saving emergency procedure; respiratory distress being the main indication.
5. Conclusion
At the end of our study, it appears that tracheotomy is an infrequent procedure in the ENT department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. The majority of our study population was male with a sex ratio of 1.69. The main underlying ENT pathologies were pharyngolaryngeal cancers, penetrating neck wounds, laryngeal trauma, laryngeal papillomatosis and finally bilateral recurrent paralysis. However, better working conditions and more qualified staff are needed to achieve better results.
Table 1. Distribution of patients according to underlying ENT pathology.
Underlying pathology
Conditions
Number of cases
Percentage
Malignant tumour diseases
Laryngeal tumour
7
18,5
Pharyngeal tumour
3
7,9
Benign tumour diseases
Laryngeal papillomatosis
4
10,5
Cystic lymphangioma
1
2,6
Extrinsic compression of the trachea
EC of the oesophagus mouth
1
2,6
Retro-pharyngeal abscess
2
5,3
Specific disease of the oral cavity
1
2,6
Swelling of the oesophagus with laryngeal extension
1
2,6
Pharyngeal EC complicated by retropharyngeal abscess
1
2,6
Traumatic conditions
Trauma to the larynx
4
10,5
Penetrating neck wound
2
5,3
Closed neck trauma
1
2,6
Inflammatory diseases
Ludwig's Angina
2
5,3
Cervical cellulitis
1
2,6
Peritonsillar phlegmon
1
2,6
Esophageal CE complicated by cellulitis
1
2,6
Paralysis
Post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis
3
7,9
Adducted laryngeal paralysis
1
2,6
Foreign body
Bronchial foreign body
1
2,6
Abbreviations
ENT
Ear Nose and Throat
CCF
Cervico-Facial Surgery
CT
Computed Tomography
Author Contributions
Soumaoro Siaka: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Kone Fatogoma Issa: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Cisse Naouma: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft
Maurinne Kenne: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft
Bouraïma, F. A., Ametonou, C. B., Agbokponto, A., Hounlelou, V. and Flatin, M.-C. (2026) Tracheotomy in an African Hospital Setting: A 10 Year Retrospective Study in Parakou, Benin. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 15, 42-54.
Laccourreye, L. and Dubin, J. (2001) Tracheotomy. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale (Scientific and Medical Editions SAS, Paris, all rights reserved), Surgical techniques - head and neck, 46-430., 46-430.
[3]
Oppert M, Jungehülsing M, Nibbe L. Tracheotomy: Indication and implementation. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2024; 119(8): 694-702. German.
K Ouoba, M Dao, et al. ENT cancers and CCF in Burkina Faso. Médecine d'Afrique noire 1997.44 (8/9) 452-4.
[7]
O Maliki, H Nouri et al. Laryngeal papillomatosis in children: epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects at (Proposing 21 cases). Journal of pediatrics and child care; 2012; 25: 237-241
Fatogoma Issa Kone, Kadidiatou Singare, Kadiatou Traore, Oumou Coulibaly, Naouma Cisse, et al. (2020). Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Laryngeal Papillomatosis in Mali. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 6(1), 1-5.
Ndour N, Maiga S, Houra A, Deguenonvo REA, Ndiaye C, Pilor N, Mbaye A, Sall AC, Diouf MS, Ndiaye IC. Papillomatose laryngée chez l’adulte: évaluation pendant dix ans au service ORL de l’Hôpital universitaire national de Fann (Dakar, Sénégal). Int J Otolaryngol. 3 août 2020; 2782396.
Trabelsi S, Hachicha, A, Beltaief, N, Charfeddine, A, Tababi, S, Zanine, R, Minif, E, Sahtout, S, & Besbes, G. (2011). Les traumatismes externes du larynx. Journal Tunisien d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 24(1).
Siaka, S., Issa, K. F., Naouma, C., Kenne, M., Ibrahim, D., et al. (2026). Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 12(1), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
Siaka, S.; Issa, K. F.; Naouma, C.; Kenne, M.; Ibrahim, D., et al. Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital. Int. J. Otorhinolaryngol.2026, 12(1), 20-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
Siaka S, Issa KF, Naouma C, Kenne M, Ibrahim D, et al. Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2026;12(1):20-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
@article{10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14,
author = {Soumaoro Siaka and Kone Fatogoma Issa and Cisse Naouma and Maurinne Kenne and Dicko Ibrahim and Diarra Kassim and Konate N’faly and Ouane Aissata and Coulibaly Assitan Kole and Doumbia Salimou and Konate Oumar and Bah Famagan and Traore Youssouf Traore and Boubacary Guindo and Singare Kadidiatou and Keita Mohamed Amadou},
title = {Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital},
journal = {International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {20-24},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijo.20261201.14},
abstract = {Introduction: Tracheostomy is the opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula. It is intended to provide a short circuit of the upper airway. The aim of this study is to review the indications for tracheostomy. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 43 tracheotomized patients treated in the otorhinolaryngology department of Gabriel University Hospital. Toure de Bamako for a period of 6 years from January 2017 to August 2024. Results: The work involved 27 men (62.8%) and 16 women (37.2%), with a sex ratio of 1.69. The mean age of the patients was 38.295 years with extremes of 2.67 and 77 years. Laryngeal dyspnoea (n= 28) and dysphonia (n=26) were the main symptoms of consultation. Most tracheostomies were performed as an emergency procedure in 79.1% of cases (n=34), with scheduled tracheostomies performed in 20.9% of cases (n=9). The conditions requiring tracheostomy were dominated by malignant tumours of the larynx and pharynx (26.4%), followed by post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis (7.9%), trauma to the larynx (10.5%) and penetrating neck wounds (4.7%). Laryngeal papillomatosis was the main indication in children (4 children). The technique used was classical surgical tracheotomy, often performed under general anaesthesia (53.5%) and under local anaesthesia in emergency cases (46.5%). The skin incision was transverse in most cases (n=38) (88.4%) and vertical in 11.6% (n=5). Complications related to tracheostomy were diverse, generally benign, and occurred in 1% of cases. Mortality occurred in 3 of our patients whose cannulas were still in place, a rate of 8.1% (n=3). Conclusion: Whatever the indication, tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose usefulness and effectiveness are certain. Mastery of the technique, rigorous monitoring and postoperative care are the main conditions for minimising the risk of complications.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital
AU - Soumaoro Siaka
AU - Kone Fatogoma Issa
AU - Cisse Naouma
AU - Maurinne Kenne
AU - Dicko Ibrahim
AU - Diarra Kassim
AU - Konate N’faly
AU - Ouane Aissata
AU - Coulibaly Assitan Kole
AU - Doumbia Salimou
AU - Konate Oumar
AU - Bah Famagan
AU - Traore Youssouf Traore
AU - Boubacary Guindo
AU - Singare Kadidiatou
AU - Keita Mohamed Amadou
Y1 - 2026/04/28
PY - 2026
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
T2 - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JF - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JO - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
SP - 20
EP - 24
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-2413
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
AB - Introduction: Tracheostomy is the opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula. It is intended to provide a short circuit of the upper airway. The aim of this study is to review the indications for tracheostomy. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 43 tracheotomized patients treated in the otorhinolaryngology department of Gabriel University Hospital. Toure de Bamako for a period of 6 years from January 2017 to August 2024. Results: The work involved 27 men (62.8%) and 16 women (37.2%), with a sex ratio of 1.69. The mean age of the patients was 38.295 years with extremes of 2.67 and 77 years. Laryngeal dyspnoea (n= 28) and dysphonia (n=26) were the main symptoms of consultation. Most tracheostomies were performed as an emergency procedure in 79.1% of cases (n=34), with scheduled tracheostomies performed in 20.9% of cases (n=9). The conditions requiring tracheostomy were dominated by malignant tumours of the larynx and pharynx (26.4%), followed by post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis (7.9%), trauma to the larynx (10.5%) and penetrating neck wounds (4.7%). Laryngeal papillomatosis was the main indication in children (4 children). The technique used was classical surgical tracheotomy, often performed under general anaesthesia (53.5%) and under local anaesthesia in emergency cases (46.5%). The skin incision was transverse in most cases (n=38) (88.4%) and vertical in 11.6% (n=5). Complications related to tracheostomy were diverse, generally benign, and occurred in 1% of cases. Mortality occurred in 3 of our patients whose cannulas were still in place, a rate of 8.1% (n=3). Conclusion: Whatever the indication, tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose usefulness and effectiveness are certain. Mastery of the technique, rigorous monitoring and postoperative care are the main conditions for minimising the risk of complications.
VL - 12
IS - 1
ER -
Siaka, S., Issa, K. F., Naouma, C., Kenne, M., Ibrahim, D., et al. (2026). Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 12(1), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
Siaka, S.; Issa, K. F.; Naouma, C.; Kenne, M.; Ibrahim, D., et al. Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital. Int. J. Otorhinolaryngol.2026, 12(1), 20-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
Siaka S, Issa KF, Naouma C, Kenne M, Ibrahim D, et al. Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2026;12(1):20-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
@article{10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14,
author = {Soumaoro Siaka and Kone Fatogoma Issa and Cisse Naouma and Maurinne Kenne and Dicko Ibrahim and Diarra Kassim and Konate N’faly and Ouane Aissata and Coulibaly Assitan Kole and Doumbia Salimou and Konate Oumar and Bah Famagan and Traore Youssouf Traore and Boubacary Guindo and Singare Kadidiatou and Keita Mohamed Amadou},
title = {Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital},
journal = {International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {20-24},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijo.20261201.14},
abstract = {Introduction: Tracheostomy is the opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula. It is intended to provide a short circuit of the upper airway. The aim of this study is to review the indications for tracheostomy. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 43 tracheotomized patients treated in the otorhinolaryngology department of Gabriel University Hospital. Toure de Bamako for a period of 6 years from January 2017 to August 2024. Results: The work involved 27 men (62.8%) and 16 women (37.2%), with a sex ratio of 1.69. The mean age of the patients was 38.295 years with extremes of 2.67 and 77 years. Laryngeal dyspnoea (n= 28) and dysphonia (n=26) were the main symptoms of consultation. Most tracheostomies were performed as an emergency procedure in 79.1% of cases (n=34), with scheduled tracheostomies performed in 20.9% of cases (n=9). The conditions requiring tracheostomy were dominated by malignant tumours of the larynx and pharynx (26.4%), followed by post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis (7.9%), trauma to the larynx (10.5%) and penetrating neck wounds (4.7%). Laryngeal papillomatosis was the main indication in children (4 children). The technique used was classical surgical tracheotomy, often performed under general anaesthesia (53.5%) and under local anaesthesia in emergency cases (46.5%). The skin incision was transverse in most cases (n=38) (88.4%) and vertical in 11.6% (n=5). Complications related to tracheostomy were diverse, generally benign, and occurred in 1% of cases. Mortality occurred in 3 of our patients whose cannulas were still in place, a rate of 8.1% (n=3). Conclusion: Whatever the indication, tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose usefulness and effectiveness are certain. Mastery of the technique, rigorous monitoring and postoperative care are the main conditions for minimising the risk of complications.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Indication of Tracheotomy in the ENT department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital
AU - Soumaoro Siaka
AU - Kone Fatogoma Issa
AU - Cisse Naouma
AU - Maurinne Kenne
AU - Dicko Ibrahim
AU - Diarra Kassim
AU - Konate N’faly
AU - Ouane Aissata
AU - Coulibaly Assitan Kole
AU - Doumbia Salimou
AU - Konate Oumar
AU - Bah Famagan
AU - Traore Youssouf Traore
AU - Boubacary Guindo
AU - Singare Kadidiatou
AU - Keita Mohamed Amadou
Y1 - 2026/04/28
PY - 2026
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
T2 - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JF - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
JO - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
SP - 20
EP - 24
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-2413
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20261201.14
AB - Introduction: Tracheostomy is the opening of the cervical trachea followed by the placement of a cannula. It is intended to provide a short circuit of the upper airway. The aim of this study is to review the indications for tracheostomy. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 43 tracheotomized patients treated in the otorhinolaryngology department of Gabriel University Hospital. Toure de Bamako for a period of 6 years from January 2017 to August 2024. Results: The work involved 27 men (62.8%) and 16 women (37.2%), with a sex ratio of 1.69. The mean age of the patients was 38.295 years with extremes of 2.67 and 77 years. Laryngeal dyspnoea (n= 28) and dysphonia (n=26) were the main symptoms of consultation. Most tracheostomies were performed as an emergency procedure in 79.1% of cases (n=34), with scheduled tracheostomies performed in 20.9% of cases (n=9). The conditions requiring tracheostomy were dominated by malignant tumours of the larynx and pharynx (26.4%), followed by post-thyroidectomy recurrent paralysis (7.9%), trauma to the larynx (10.5%) and penetrating neck wounds (4.7%). Laryngeal papillomatosis was the main indication in children (4 children). The technique used was classical surgical tracheotomy, often performed under general anaesthesia (53.5%) and under local anaesthesia in emergency cases (46.5%). The skin incision was transverse in most cases (n=38) (88.4%) and vertical in 11.6% (n=5). Complications related to tracheostomy were diverse, generally benign, and occurred in 1% of cases. Mortality occurred in 3 of our patients whose cannulas were still in place, a rate of 8.1% (n=3). Conclusion: Whatever the indication, tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure whose usefulness and effectiveness are certain. Mastery of the technique, rigorous monitoring and postoperative care are the main conditions for minimising the risk of complications.
VL - 12
IS - 1
ER -
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